These seven factors directly affect the fertilizer efficienc
发布时间：2021-06-08 发布者：admin 所属类别：COMPANY NEWS
These seven factors directly affect the fertilizer efficiency of fruit trees
01 The proportion of elements required for the growth of fruit trees
Fruit trees grow 16 kinds of main element, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the nature, the other 13 kinds of elements to provide soil and artificial compensation, if you want to supplement the fertilizer effect, you should understand the various elements in the proportion of 96% oxygen, carbon and hydrogen (45% oxygen, carbon, hydrogen 45% and 6%), the rest is 1.5% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, 1.5% and 0.2% 0.15% 0.05% 0.1% 0.5%, sulfur, calcium, manganese, iron, zinc, 0.02% and 0.01% molybdenum, boron, copper 0.001%, 0.005% 0.0001%.Therefore, the correct fertilization formula can be given only when balanced fertilization and the proportion of each element is clear.Otherwise, fertilization effect will be affected.
02 Salt index of soil after fertilizer application
Fertilizer salt also called salinity index, is to measure the variety of different fertilizer fertilizer to an indicator of soil solution osmotic pressure effect, is typical of a highly ionized salt, caused soil solution under a certain concentration of osmotic pressure change value as the 100, will other fertilizer varieties under the same conditions caused by osmotic pressure change value, by contrast, the relative value.
Most fertilizers are soluble salts, which must be dissolved, dissociated and moved in the soil before they can be continuously absorbed by the root system.And soil contains water co., LTD., is generally a dilute solution, the fertilizer will make the soil solution concentration increase quickly, especially in the fertilization or near dry weather conditions without irrigation, soil solution concentration will continue to increase, under high osmotic pressure, and the root system to absorb water and nutrients, also depends heavily on its solution of osmotic pressure in the body.
If the soil solution osmotic pressure is close to or greater than the root osmotic pressure, so as to affect the water absorption and fertilizer absorption of the root system, the crop will wither quickly and even die.Therefore, the salt index is too low to meet the growth of fruit trees;If the salt index is too high, it will destroy the capillary of the fruit tree, which will lead to the weakness of the tree directly.Therefore, it is necessary to strictly calculate the amount of fertilizer required by the fruit tree in the process of fertilization, and at the same time consider whether there is any residue of the fertilizer applied last time. If there is any residue, the amount of residual fertilizer should be calculated in the amount of fertilizer applied this time.
In addition, the area of fertilizing pit should be increased, so that the salt index of fertilizer can be effectively reduced.Therefore, the soil should be measured before fertilization, and then the requirements of various chemical elements per acre can be correctly calculated.
03 Fertilization method
Compared with grain crops, fruit trees can be fertilized by machinery in the whole garden. Generally, fertilization sites can only be effectively used by trees in the concentrated distribution area of capillaries. However, such a result is that the concentration of fertilizers leads to the high fertilizer and salt index, which is easy to damage capillaries.Therefore, direct contact between fertilizers and capillaries should be avoided as far as possible during fertilization, and repeated fertilization in the same fertilization pit should be avoided by changing fertilization methods (circular pit application, radial pit application, dot pit application).
At present, the more scientific method of fertilization is the integration of water and fertilizer, which solves the problem of total nutrient fertilization and water supply at the same time, and does not cause harm to soil and roots.
04 Soil vitality and water supply
Soil is made up of minerals, water, air and microorganisms. Only when these four parts are in an optimal balance can a tree be continuously supplied with total nutrients. Otherwise, it will cause great damage to the tree and even lead to its death.The higher the content of organic matter in soil minerals, the more pores in the soil aggregates, the stronger the storage capacity of air, the stronger the vitality of microorganisms, the higher the ability to retain water, and the stronger the ability to absorb fertilizer particles.Only such soil can provide fruit trees with a constant, balanced and continuous supply of nutrients.
At the same time, there is the problem of water retention.If the moisture content in soil is too high, it will occupy the air position in the pore of the aggregate structure, resulting in the decrease of the air content in the soil, which will lead to the asphyxiation and death of the root of the fruit tree. Meanwhile, it will affect the activity of soil microorganisms, which will reduce the decomposition ability of minerals and affect the effective supply of nutrients.If the moisture content in the soil is too low, it will affect the fertilizer ions in the soil to move to the root system, so that although the soil fertility is sufficient, the fruit trees still cannot absorb and use.The optimum water holding rate of soil is 65~ 80%, that is, it is advisable to "hold the soil in a mass and fall into a mass".
05 Growth potential of fruit trees
The stronger the tree, the more active the root system is and the more nutrients it can absorb.Conversely, the weaker the tree, the less active the root system, the less resistant it is to stress, and the less able it is to absorb fertilizers.
06 Chemical fertilizer production process
Fruit tree commonly use elements of fertilizer can be mixed with fertilizer and compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer for different production process is divided into drum granulating, spray granulation, ammoniation granulation, tower granulation, slow controlled release fertilizer, such as type, slow controlled release fertilizer is divided into add urease inhibitors slow-release fertilizer, slow release fertilizer, adding nitrification inhibitors added poly (aspartic acid slow-release fertilizer, a sulfur coated slow release fertilizer, resin coated slow release fertilizer, phosphate coated slow release fertilizer, urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer, etc.
Its fertilizer effect, in turn, is a high tower granulation - ammoniation granulation - spraying granulation - a roller granulation.Urea formaldehyde is the best in slow and controlled release fertilizer.The effect of compound fertilizer is better than that of mixed fertilizer, but the effect of whole nutrition mixed fertilizer (including organic matter, chemical fertilizer, micro fertilizer) is also good.
07 Mixture of fertilizers
Fertilizer is divided into organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, bacterial agent fertilizer, a large number of elemental simple fertilizer and compound fertilizer, trace element fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, water soluble fertilizer.In addition to water soluble fertilizer, these fertilizers are commonly used to achieve total nutrition and improve the efficiency of the purpose.Some fertilizers cannot be mixed because of chemical reactions and salt indices between chemical elements.For example, chemical fertilizers cannot be mixed with microfertilizers (except chelating microfertilizers), microbial fertilizers and bacteriological agents, but they can be mixed with organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers, and chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers are the best combination.Organic fertilizer and bacterium agent, microbial fertilizer, trace element fertilizer, mineral fertilizer can be mixed.Organic fertilizer and bactericidal agent are the best compatibility.Microbial fertilizer and microelement fertilizer are the best compatibility.
To solve the problem of mixed use, one of the methods is to use two soil covering method when fertilizing, first apply microbial fertilizer and trace element fertilizer and mineral fertilizer in the bottom layer and mix well with the soil, then cover the soil, then apply human organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and finally cover a layer of soil.If in order to reduce labor intensity and to mix, should increase the amount of organic fertilizer and use a mixer to stir evenly in time to apply soil, and more soil mix well.It is better to control the soil salt index below 1%.
