Guiding Opinions on Prevention and Control of Scab in Wheat
发布时间：2021-06-08 发布者：admin 所属类别：Guiding Opinions on Prevention
Wheat scab is a typical climatic disease. The occurrence of epidemics not only directly leads to the decline of wheat seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but also affects the high yield and stable yield of wheat. Moreover, the mycotoxin produced by the pathogen can also contaminate wheat grains, affect the quality and safety of wheat and its products, and threaten humans and animals. health. In order to promote scientific prevention and control, ensure wheat production and quality safety, promote quality and promote agriculture, and benefit agriculture, our Ministry organizes experts to study and formulate this guidance.
First, the overall goal
Focusing on promoting the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture, vigorously promote the green development of agriculture, carry out the “Zero Pesticide Growth by 2020”, adhere to the “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention” plant protection policy, and implement “government-led, territorial responsibility, and joint defense”. Joint control "working mechanism, vigorously promote the comprehensive prevention and control technology of wheat during the whole growth period, strengthen monitoring and early warning, promote unified prevention and control, green prevention and control, scientific use of drugs, timely organize emergency prevention and control, and effectively improve the prevention and control organization of wheat scab Degree of scientific and scientific level, and strive to control the grain rate of wheat scab to within 3%.
Second, the prevention and control strategy
Based on the adjustment of planting structure and the optimization of farming system, focusing on classification guidance and district policy, taking the initiative to attack and scientific drug use as the key, starting from wheat planting, promoting good varieties of good methods, agricultural machinery and agronomy integration, agricultural measures and chemical prevention, The prevention and control of scab is carried out throughout the whole process of prenatal, mid-production and post-production of wheat, which can effectively reduce the degree of damage caused by diseases and reduce the risk of toxin contamination.
Third, technical measures
The prevention and control of wheat scab should focus on six aspects of “adjustment, superiority, advancement, replacement, reunification and robbing”.
(1) “Tune” and adjust the planting structure. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Jianghuai and other perennial epidemic areas, according to the principle of “Yimai is wheat, oil should be oil”, rationally planting the planting structure, or by reducing the green manure, rotation and fallow, etc., as much as possible to reduce the wheat planting area in the non-main producing areas. To reduce the pressure of disease prevention and control. The perennial area of Huanghuai and the accidental areas of North China and Northwest China, combined with the adjustment of corn planting structure, vigorously promote the rotation of wheat and soybean, peanut, vegetable and other crops, reduce the bacterial base and reduce the degree of disease damage.
(2) "Excellent" and optimize agronomic measures. We will implement appropriate amount of sowing and scientific fertilizer and water management to prevent the wheat population from being too large and the field to be closed. Timely clearing the ditch and reducing the humidity in the field. The implementation of straw smashing and regular deep-turning back to the field (once every three years), the conditions of the region to promote straw recycling, reduce the bacterial source base. Promote planting in suitable areas, avoid planting high-sensitive varieties such as tobacco farmers, Yumai, and Jimai in the perennial epidemic areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Jianghuai, and reduce the risk of disease epidemics.
(3) "Pre-" and insist on prevention. Wheat scab is preventable, controllable and incurable, and monitoring must be strengthened and prevention should be based. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jianghuai and other perennial epidemic areas and the perennial areas of Huanghuai, insist on “actively attacking, seeing flowers and fighting drugs”, unshakable, grasping the critical period of wheat heading and flowering, spraying pesticides in time to reduce the incidence of diseases. Reduce the risk of toxin contamination; perennial sporadic areas in North China, Northwest China, etc., adhere to the "prevention of prevention, timely medication" does not relax, wheat heading and flowering period, once the rainy weather or continuous condensation and other suitable disease epidemic weather, immediately organize drug prevention, reduce disease epidemics risk.
(4) "Replace" and accelerate the replacement of pesticides. In the wheat areas such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the south of the Yangtze River and the southern part of Huanghuai, where the pathogens have developed resistance to carbendazim, carbendazim and its compound preparations should be discontinued, and cymene, tebuconazole and its compound preparations should be used. , as well as rain-resistant flushing agents. Pay attention to alternate rotation medications to avoid or delay the development of resistance. It is recommended to use high-efficiency plant protection machinery such as self-propelled wide-format application machinery and autonomous flying drones. Use small-aperture spray nozzles to avoid the use of stretcher sprayers. At the same time, add appropriate functional additives, sedimentation agents, etc., to improve the quality of application and ensure the control effect.
(5) "Unification" to promote the rule of unified defense. Give full play to the role of specialized equipment for pest and disease prevention and treatment, such as excellent equipment, standardized management, and efficient service, and vigorously promote various forms such as full-course contracting and surrogate treatment based on the prevention and control of scab in the panicle stage, and carry out specialized professional defense on a large scale. Responsible and centralized prevention and control, timely organize emergency prevention and control, improve prevention and control efficiency, effectiveness and effectiveness, solve the problem of short and timely timeliness of wheat scab prevention and control, and solve problems such as “doing drugs and fighting drugs” in one household.
(6) “Grab” and grab the income warehouse in time. When wheat enters the harvest period, it should be harvested, aired and screened in time. In case of rainy weather, drying measures should be taken to prevent excessive humidity during harvesting and storage, resulting in repeated breeding of germs and secondary pollution of toxins.
Fourth, work requirements
Give full play to the administrative superiority, the advantages of the agricultural sector, the technical advantages of plant protection institutions, and the service advantages of specialized prevention organizations, and earnestly achieve "four enhancements."
(1) Strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. The prevention and control of wheat scab is related to the “absolute safety of rations” and the increase of farmers' income. All localities should incorporate the prevention and control work into the assessment of the responsibility of the provincial food production governor, and effectively implement the “government-led, territorial management” prevention and control mechanism. Control assessment and accountability system. Strengthen organizational leadership, strengthen departmental coordination, increase financial input, implement prevention and control funds as soon as possible, and establish a rapid emergency response mechanism to ensure effective and orderly prevention and control.
(2) Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Plant protection agencies at all levels strengthen monitoring and investigation, comprehensively master the situation of seedlings, grievances, and illnesses, pay close attention to weather changes, timely analyze and scientifically judge the occurrence trend of diseases, and clarify key prevention and control areas, key prevention and control fields, and optimal prevention and control time. Accurately issue forecast warning information. At the same time, comprehensively strengthen the monitoring of the resistance of the bacteria, grasp the dynamics of the resistance of the main anti-control agents used by the bacteria to carbendazim for many years, and timely formulate the anti-drug treatment plan to guide the farmers to rational use of drugs and scientific prevention and control.
(3) Strengthening the rule of unified defense. Give play to the role of the central and local governments in supporting agriculture, and through the government's purchase of services, the distribution of prevention and control materials, and other forms, vigorously support the development of specialized pest management services organizations, strengthen equipment levels, improve service capabilities, and play its role in wheat scab In the prevention and control work, the backbone and demonstration leading role, the implementation of unified organization, unified technical programs, unified drug supply, unified drug application period, unified prevention and control actions, "five unified" prevention and control measures, and effectively improve the degree of prevention and control organization and Scientific level, improve prevention and control effects, efficiency and efficiency.
(4) Strengthening publicity and guidance. Full use of radio, television, newspapers, mobile phone text messages, clear paper and other forms, all-round promotion of the seriousness of the scab damage, and the need for comprehensive prevention, prevention and control, to create a good atmosphere for prevention and control work. Organize technical personnel to go to the grassroots level to carry out training and guidance services for prevention and control of wheat gizzard during the whole growth period. During the critical period of prevention and control, the group sent intensive strength, taking the form of smashing and wrapping into the village, and “face-to-face” and “hands-on” to carry out prevention and control guidance services, highlighting the selection of drugs and drugs, and ensuring the implementation of prevention and control technical measures. field.
